10th Class Direct & Indirect

10th Class Direct & Indirect

اصول

Person

Subjective

Possessive

Objective

Direct & Indirect  میں  تین طرح کی تبدیلی کرنی ہے۔سب سے پہلے  قوموں کو ہٹا کر  Thatلگانا ہے۔پھر Pronoun   کو ان اصولوں کےمطابق تبدیل کرنا ہے۔

1st

I We

My Our

Me Us

2nd

You

Your

You

3rd

He She It They

His Her Its Their

Him Her It Them

Simple Structure of English Sentence

1st

2nd

3rd

Subject    +   Verb   +   Object

S

O

N

×      اگر فقرے کے دوسرے حصے میں 1st پرسن آئےتو اس کو پہلے حصے کے Subject کےمطابق تبدیل کرنا ہے۔ اگر دوسرے حصے میں 2nd پرسن آئے تو  پہلے حصے کے Object   کے مطابق تبدیل کرنا ہے۔اور اگر دوسرے حصے میں 3rd  پرسن آجائے تو اس میں کوئی تبدیلی نہیں ہو گی۔

×      اگر فقرے کے پہلے حصے میں   say, says, will say  یا has said آ جائے تو  فقرے کے دوسرے حصے میں  ٹینس کی تبدیلی بالکل  نہیں کریں گے۔

Exercise No. 1

1.

She says, “We have shifted to another house.”

She says that they have shifted to another house.

2.

The teacher will say, “You have done your work very well.”

The teacher will say that I have done my work very well.

3.

He says, “She has written me a very encouraging letter.”

He says that she has written him a very encouraging letter.

4.

She says, “We love and respect our neighbours very much.”

She says that they love and respect their neighbours very much.

5.

She has said, “She is ready to accompany us to Karachi.”

She has said that she is ready to accompany them to Karachi.

6.

He says, “I have not heard the latest news about her.”

He says that he has not heard the latest news about her.

7.

The doctor says, “The patient is still in a state of coma.”

The doctor says that the patient is still in a state of coma.

8.

The teacher says, “She has always been a good student.”

The teacher says that she has always been a good student.

9.

She will say, “He did not come up to my expectation.”

She will say that he did not come up to her expectation.

10.

She says, “I hope I am not late.”

She says that she hopes she is not late.

11.

You will say, “I am cranky.”

You will say that you are cranky.

Tense Change

اگر فقرے کے پہلے میں  say کی جگہ said آجائے تو دوسرے حصے میں ٹینس کی تبدیلی مندرجہ ذیل کلیہ کے مطابق تبدیل کرنا۔ اگر is/am/are آئے تو was/were میں تبدیل کرنا ہے۔ اگر was/were آئے تو had been  میں تبدیل کرنا ہے۔ اگر ورب کی پہلی فارم ہو تو اس کو ورب کی دوسری فارم میں تبدیل کرنا ہے۔ اگر ورب کی دوسری فارم آ جائے تو اس کو had  کے ساتھ ورب کی تیسری فارم لگانی ہے۔

is/am/are

à

was/were

à

Had been

1st form of Verb

à

2nd form of Verb

à

Had + 3rd form of Verb

ان کوHelping Verb  Model  کہتے ہیں۔ان کے بعد ہمیشہ ورب کی پہلی فارم آتی ہے۔ یہ مندرجہ ذیل اصول کے مطابق تبدیل ہوں گے ۔ لیکن ان کے بعد آنے والے ورب میں کوئی تبدیلی نہیں آئے گی  ۔

Can

à

Could

May

à

Might

Will/Shall

à

Would

اس کے بعد فقرے میں چند ایک تبدیلیاں مندرجہ ذیل ہوں گی۔

This

à

That

Today

à

That day

Yesterday

à

The previous day

Tomorrow

à

The next day

Tonight

à

That night

Exercise No: 2

1.

She said, “I like clouds in the sky.”

She said that she liked clouds in the sky.

2.

He said, “I am unwell”

He said that he was unwell.

3.

He said to her, “I live in this building.”

He told her that he lived in that building.

4.

They said, “Our teacher is on leave.”

They said that their teacher was on leave.

5.

Arif and Ayesha said to their mother, “We like mangoes.”

Arif and Ayesha told their mother that they liked mangoes.

6.

She said, “I am helping my mother in the kitchen.”

She said that she was helping her mother in the kitchen.

7.

He said, “I am watering the plants in the garden.”

He said that he was watering the plants in the garden.

8.

Afshan said, “I am sewing mother’s shirt.”

Afshan said that she was sewing mother’s shirt.

9.

He said, “They are not doing their duty well.”

He said that they were not doing their duty well.

10.

He said to me, “You are not running very fast.”

He told me that I was not running very fast.

11.

They said, “We have done our duty.”

They said that they had done their duty.

12.

The teacher said to us, “You have not completed your drawing.”

The teacher told us that we had not completed our drawing.

13.

She said, “They have not eaten their meals.”

She said that they had not eaten their meals.

14.

The teacher said, “I have often told you not to play with fire.”

The teacher said that he had often told us not to play with fire.

15.

My brother said to me, “you have missed the point completely.”

My brother told me that I had missed the point completely.

16.

He said, “I completed my drawing half an hour ago.”

He said that he had completed his drawing half an hour ago.

17.

She said, “I did not go to school yesterday.”

She said that she had not gone to school the previous day.

18.

He said, “She sang a beautiful ghazal at the concert last night.”

He said that she had sung a beautiful ghazal at the concert last night.

19.

She said, “He rang me up at twelve midnight.”

She said that he had rung her up at twelve midnight.

20.

He said, “The boys did not put up a good show last night.”

He said that the boys had not put up a good show last night.

21.

She said, “I shall never do such a thing.”

She said that she would never do such a thing.

22.

Afshan said, “They will wait for us for one hour only.”

Afshan said that they would wait for them for one hour only.

23.

They said, “We shall never make a promise we cannot fulfill.”

They said that they would never make a promise they could not fulfill.

24.

He said, “I shall explain this to you only if you listen to me with patience.”

He said that he would explain that to me only if I listen to him with patience.

25.

He said, “I hope you will not repeat this mistake.”

He said that he hoped I would not repeat that mistake.

26.

She said to me, “You are a lazy boy.”

She told me that I was a lazy boy.

سوالیہ فقرات دو طرح کے ہوتے ہیں۔ایک Helping Verb والے  سادہ  سوالیہ اور دوسرے Wh سے شروع ہونے والے ڈبل سوالیہ۔ Direct & Indirect میں ان کی تبدیلی تھوڑی سی مختلف ہے۔ اگر  Helping Verb  سےشروع ہو تو قوموں کو ہٹا کر that  کی جگہ پر if  لگانا ہے ۔ said کو asked میں بدل کر  باقی ساری تبدیلیاں کرتے ہوئےفقرے  کی  سوالیہ ترتیب کو بدل کر سادہ کر دینا ہے

Exercise No. 3

1.

She said, “Is this your book?”

She asked if that was my book.

2.

He said, “Do you have any share in this firm?”

He asked if I had any share in that firm.

3.

They said, “Have you ever visited Murree Hills?”

They asked if I had ever visited Murree Hills.

4.

He said, “Aren’t you ashamed of yourself?”

He asked I was not ashamed of myself.

5.

The teacher said, “Did you do your home task yesterday?”

The teacher asked if I had done my home task the previous day.

6.

The mother said, “Didn’t I ask you not to go there?”

The mother asked if she had not asked me not to go there.

7.

Rehana said, “Will you stop interfering in my work?”

Rehana asked if I would stop interfering in her work.

8.

The mother said, “Shall we invite the Qureshis’ also?”

The mother asked if they would invite the Qureshis’ also.

9.

Adnan said, “Had you left Karachi before writing this letter?”

Adnan asked if I had left Karachi before writing that letter.

10.

The judge said, “Have you anything more to say?”

The judge asked if I had anything more to say.

دوسری طرح کے سوالیہ فقرات wh  والے لفظوں  سے شروع ہوتے ہیں۔ان میں قوموں کو ہٹا کر  wh  والے ہی لفظ لگانے ہیں۔ ۔ said کو asked میں بدل کر  باقی ساری تبدیلیاں کرتے ہوئےفقرے  کی  سوالیہ ترتیب کو بدل کر سادہ کر دینا ہے

11.

He said, “What do you want me to do?”

He asked what I wanted him to do.

12.

The mother said, “How did you fail in your examination?”

The mother asked how I had failed in my examination.

13.

Raza said, “Where are you going?”

Raza asked where I was going.

14.

The teacher said, “Whose is this book?”

The teacher asked whose that book was.

15.

The teacher said, “Who is the author of this book?”

The teacher asked who the author of that book was.

16.

The stranger said, “Which is the way to zoo?”

The stranger asked which the way was to zoo.

17.

The manager said, “How do you propose to solve this problem?”

The manager asked how I proposed to solve that problem.

18.

The boy said to her, “What do you want me to do?”

The boy asked her what she wanted him to do.

19.

The pupil said, “Where have I eased?”

The pupil asked where I had eased.

20.

The teacher said, “Who is the next on list?

The teacher asked who the next was on list.

Imperative Sentences

Imperative فقرات ہمیشہ ورب کی پہلی فارم سے شروع ہوتے ہیں۔ان میں تین طرح کا موڈ ہوتا ہے۔ درخواست کا ، حکم کا اور نصیحت کا۔ اگر درخواست کا موڈ ہو تو  said  کو  requested  میں تبدیل کرنا ہے۔ اگرحکم کا موڈ ہو تو  said  کو  ordered  میں تبدیل کرنا ہے۔ اگر نصیحت کا موڈ ہو تو  said  کو advised  میں تبدیل کرنا ہے۔اور قوموں کو ہٹا کر to  لگانا ہے۔

Exercise No. 4

1.

She said to her sister, “Please say something.”

She requested her sister to say something.

2.

She said to her friend, “Please have dinner with me tomorrow at eight.”

She requested her friend to have dinner with her the next day at eight.

3.

The judge said, “Call the next witness.”

The judge ordered to call the next witness.

4.

Farhan said to his uncle, “Please help me in getting some job.”

Farhan requested his uncle to help him in getting some job.

5.

The doctor said to the patient, “Take complete rest and follow my direction.”

The doctor advised the patient to take complete rest and follow his direction.

6.

The teacher said to the pupil, “Read the paragraph and explain it in simple English.”

The teacher ordered the pupil to read the paragraph and explain it in simple English.

7.

The mother said to her daughter, “Please tidy up your room.”

The mother advised her daughter to tidy up her room.

8.

She said to me, “Do not waste time in idle talk.”

Do not کو not to  میں تبدیل کرتے ہیں

She advised me not to waste time in idle talk.

9.

The teacher said, “Do not make a noise.”

The teacher ordered not to make a noise.

10.

The father said to his son, “Do not leave this room without my permission.”

The father advised his son not to leave that room without his permission.

11.

The father said to his son, “Get up early in the morning and go for a walk.”

The father advised his son to get up early in the morning and go for a walk.

12.

Afshan said, “Let us go for a picnic on Friday.”

Let us  کو we should   میں تبدیل کرنا ہے

Afshan suggested that they should go for a picnic on Friday.

13.

Roshana said, “Let us finish our work first.”

Roshana suggested that they should finish their work first.

14.

She said to them, “Let us not deceive ourselves.”

She advised them that they should not deceive themselves.

15.

He said to his friend, “Please lend me your bike for a day.”

He requested his friend to lend him his bike for a day.

16.

He said to her, “Please fetch me a glass of water.”

He requested her to fetch him a glass of water.

17.

The master said to the servant, “Go and fetch me a glass of milk.”

The master ordered the servant to go and fetch him a glass of milk.

18.

He said to me, “Please give me one rupee.”

He requested me to give him one rupee.

دعائیہ فقرات میں may کو might  میں تبدیل کرنا ہے  لیکن بعد والی ورب کی پہلی فارم کو تبدیل نہیں کرنا ہے۔فقرے کو سادہ کر دینا ہے۔ said کو prayed میں  تبدیل کیا   جائے گا۔

Exercise No. 5

1.

She said to her father, “May you live long.’’

She prayed for her father that he might live long.

2.

She said, “May you prosper.”

She prayed that I might prosper.

3.

The mother said to her daughter, “May God blesses you with a son.”

The mother prayed for her daughter that God might bless her with a son.

4.

She said, “Would that my father were alive.”

خواش والے فقرے میں  said  کو wished  میں تبدیل کرنا ہے۔

She wished that her father had been alive.

5.

The mother said to her son, “May you return successful.”

The mother prayed for her son that he might return successful.

Exclamation Sentences

Exclamation  فقرات  تین طرح کے ہوتے۔ان میں خوشی والے فقرات ، دکھ والے فقرات،حیرانی والے فقرات ہوتے ہیں۔اس میں said  کو تین طرح سے سے تبدیل کرتے ہیں۔ خوشی والے فقرات میں said  کو exclaimed with joy میں تبدیل کرنا ہے۔ دکھ والے فقرات میں said  کو exclaimed with sorrow میں تبدیل کرنا ہے۔ حیرانی والے فقرات میں said  کو exclaimed with wonder میں تبدیل کرنا ہے۔اور جو بھی تبدیلیاں اب تک پچھلے فقرات میں کی ہیں وہ اس میں بھی ہوں گی۔

1.

She said, “What a beautiful piece of art it is.’’

She exclaimed with wonder that it was a beautiful piece of art.

2.

He said, “How well she sings.’’

He exclaimed with wonder that she sang well.

3.

He said, “Alas! We cannot defeat our enemies.’’

He exclaimed with sorrow that they could not defeat their enemies.

4.

She said, “What a pity you missed that function.”

She exclaimed with sorrow that I had missed that function.

5.

He said, “Hurrah! I have won the medal.”

He exclaimed with joy that he had won the medal.

 

 

 

Muhammad Awais (M.A English P.U)

) 0345-4521350

 

Posted in: 10th Class Notes