The Verb: Transitive & Intransitive: Auxiliaries & Modals: Infinitive, Participle & Gerund

The verb:  فعل
A verb describes the action of the subject in a sentence. or A verb is a word used to tell something about a person or thing. e.g.
فعل ایسا لفظ ہے جو کسی کام کا کرنا یا ہونا ظاہر کرے۔یا فعل ایک ایسا لفظ ہے جو کسی شخص یا چیز کے بارے میں کچھ بتائے۔جیسے
We play cricket. Ali goes to school. He is a doctor.				ہم کرکٹ کھیلتے ہیں۔ علی سکول جاتا ہے وہ ایک ڈاکٹر ہے۔
Transitive verb:متعددی فعل
A verb which shows an action which passes over from the subject to an object. e.g.
ایک فعل جو کسی ایسے عمل کو ظاہر کرتا ہے جو فاعل سے مفعول کی طرف جاتا ہے۔ جیسے
The ants fought the wasps. The horse kicked the man.
Intransitive verb:لازم فعل
A verb that shows an action which does not pass over an object or expresses a state. as
ایک فعل جو کسی ایسے عمل کو ظاہر کرتا ہے جو مفعول کی طرف  نہیں جاتا ہے یا کسی حالت کا اظہار کرتا ہے۔ جیسے
He ran a long distance. The baby sleeps. There is a flaw in this diamond.
Auxiliaries Verbs:معاون فعل
The verbs which are used as main verb or  with other verbs to make tenses are called auxiliary verbs as; Be (am, is, are, was, were), has, have, had, do, does, did.
وہ فعل  جوبطور مرکزی فعل کے طور پر استعمال ہوتے ہیں یا دوسرے فعل کے ساتھ استعمال کرکے  Tenses بناتے ہیں ان کو Auxiliaries Verbs کہتے ہیں۔
Be :
(i)     It is used to express the state of being. e.g. یہ ہونے کی حالت کو ظاہر کرتے ہیں              He is a doctor. They are on the roof.
(ii) It is used in the formation of continuous tenses; as یہ جاری Tenses بنانے کے لیے استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔He is working. I was writing.
Have :
(i)     It is used to express the state of having. e.g.   یہ ملکیت کی حالت کو ظاہر کرتے ہیں           I have two books. He had a car.
(ii)   Have is used in the formation of perfect tenses; as یہ جاری Tenses بنانے کے لیے استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔                He has completed his work.
(iii) It is used to express the compulsion. e.g. یہ مجبوری کو ظاہر کرتے ہیں                             He has to move the furniture himself.
Do:
It is used to form the negative and interrogative of the simple present and past tenses; as
اس کا استعمال  Present Indefinite اور Past Indefinite  کے  منفی اور سوالیہ   جملوں کو بنانے  کے لئے کیا جاتا ہے۔
He doesn’t work. Did he work?
Modal Verbs:
They are used before ordinary verbs and express meanings such as permission, possibility, certainty and necessity. Can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must and ought to.
یہ عام فعل سے پہلے استعمال ہوتے ہیں اور یہ اجازت ، امکان ، یقین اور ضرورت کے لیے استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔
Can/Could:
It is usually used to express ability, capacity, possibility as;
یہ عام طور پر قابلیت ، صلاحیت ، امکان کو ظاہر کرنے کے لئے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔جیسے
I can swim across the river. Can you lift this box? The police could arrest the robber.
Should:
It is used to give advice or suggestion. As;
یہ نصیحت یا مشورہ دینے کے لئے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
You should get a job. You should clean your room.
May:
It is used to ask permission politely, to express possibility, pray, curse. As;
اس کا استعمال شائستگی سے اجازت مانگنے ، امکان ظاہر کرنے ، دعا ، بد دعا دینے کے لئے کیا جاتا ہے۔ جیسے؛
May I come in? It may rain today. May you live long! May you go to hell!
Might: It is used to show least possibility.      یہ کم سے کم امکان کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
Possibility:  امکانات
	It will rain today.   It would rain today. It may rain today. It might rain today.				100% sure 70% sure 50% sure Under 50% surety
Infinitive:مصدر
The infinitive is the base of a verb, often preceded by to.
مصدرایک فعل کی بنیاد ہے ، اکثر اس سے پہلے To  آتا ہے۔
To err is human. He refused to obey the orders. Birds love to sing.
The Participle
Participle:
A participle is a word which is partly a verb and partly an Adjective.
Participle ایک ایسا لفظ ہوتا ہے جو جزوی طور پر فعل ہوتا ہے اور جزوی طور پر ایک صفت۔
Present Participle:
It ends in – ing and represents an action as going on or incomplete. as;
اس کا اختتامing  پر  ہوتا ہے اور جو کام چل رہا ہو یا  نامکمل  ہوکی نمائندگی کرتا ہے ۔ جیسے
We are carrying a basket of flowers. He is knocking at the door.
Past Participle:
It represents a complete action or state of the thing spoken of. As;
یہ مکمل کام  کو ظاہر کرتا ہےیا کسی چیز کی حالت کی نمائندگی کرتا ہےجس کی بات کی گئی ہو ۔ جیسے؛
Deceived by his friend, he lost all hops. We saw a few trees laden with fruit.
The Gerund:
A Gerund is that form verb which ends in –ing and is used as a Noun. As;
Gerund فعل کی وہ شکل ہے جس کا اختتام –ing پر ہوتا ہے اور بطور اسم استعمال ہوتا ہے۔جیسے
Teach me swimming. Boating in the river is a great fun.
Some Verbs and their Forms
1st Form		Meaning	2nd Form			3rd Form
Ask		پو چھنا	Asked			Asked
Answer		جواب دینا	Answered			Answered
Attack		حملہ کرنا	Attacked			Attacked
Assure		یقین دلانا	Assured			Assured
Abuse		گالی دینا	Abused			Abused
Arrive		پہنچنا	Arrived			Arrived
Awake		جا گنا	Awoke			Awoken
Bath		نہانا	Bathed			Bathed
Begin		شروع کرنا	Began			Begun
Bleed		خون کا بہنا	Bled			Bled
Bring		لانا	Brought			Brought
Burn		جلانا	Burnt			Burnt
Break		توڑنا	Broke			Broken
Boil		ابالنا	Boiled			Boiled
Borrow		ادھار لینا	Borrowed			Borrowed
Blow		ہوا کا چلنا	Blew			Blown
Cut		کا ٹنا	Cut			Cut
Cry		چلانا	Cried			Cried
Close		بند کرنا	Closed			Closed
Climb		چڑھنا	Climbed			Climbed
Copy		نقل کرنا	Copied			Copied
Cast		پھینکنا	Cast			Cast
Change		تبدیل کرنا	Changed			Changed
Cook		پکانا	Cooked			Cooked
Die		مرنا	Died			Died
Drink		پینا	Drank			Drunk
Dance		ناچنا	Danced			Danced
Decide		فیصلہ کرنا	Decided			Decided
Do		کرنا	Did			Done
Desire		خواہش کرنا	Desired			Desired
Drive		گاڑی چلانا	Drove			Driven
Dislike		نا پسند کرنا	Disliked			Disliked
Declare		اعلان کرنا	Declared			Declared
Eat		کھا نا	Ate			Eaten
Earn		کمانا	Earned			Earned
Educate		تعلیم دینا	Educated			Educated
Enter		داخل ہونا	Entered			Entered
Escape		بچ نکلنا	Escaped			Escaped
Excuse		معاف کرنا	Excused			Excused
Finish		ختم کرنا	Finished			Finished
Fly		اڑنا	Flew			Flown
Fight		لڑنا	Fought			Fought
Fill		بھرنا	Filled			Filled
Feed		کھا نا کھلانا	Fed			Fed
Found		بنیاد رکھنا	Founded			Founded
Go		جانا	Went			Gone
Graze		چرنا	Grazed			Grazed
Guide		رہنمائی کرنا	Guided			Guided
Give		دینا	Gave			Given
Grip		گرفت میں لینا	Griped			Griped
Guess		اندازہ لگانا	Guessed			Guessed
Hang		لٹکانا	Hanged			Hanged
Hope		امید کرنا	Hoped			Hoped
Hunt		شکار کرنا	Hunted			Hunted
Hide		چھپانا	Hide			Hidden
Hold		پکڑنا	Held			Held
Hate		نفرت کرنا	Hated			Hated
Heal		زخم بھرنا	Healed			Healed
Hire		کرائے پر لینا	Hired			Hired
Is, am, are		ہے،ہوں،میں	Was /were			Been
Invent		ایجاد کرنا	Invented			Invented
Inform		اطلاع دینا	Informed			Informed
Ignore		نظر انداز کرنا	Ignored			Ignored
Jump		چھلانگ لگانا	Jumped			Jumped
Keep		رکھنا	Kept			Kept
Know		جاننا	Knew			Known
Kick		ٹھوکر لگانا	Kicked			Kicked
Learn		سیکھنا	Learnt			Learnt
Love		محبت کرنا	Loved			Loved
Leave		چھو ڑنا	Left			Left
Live		رہنا	Lived			Lived
Lock		تالا لگانا	Locked			Locked
Make		بنانا	Made			Made
Meet		ملنا	Met			Met
Need		ضرورت ہونا	Needed			Needed
Offer		پیش کرنا	Offered			Offered
Open		کھولنا	Opened			Opened
Obey		حکم ماننا	Obeyed			Obeyed
Pull		کھینچنا	Pulled			Pulled
Play		کھیلنا	Played			Played
Peel		چھیننا	Peeled			Peeled
Punish		سزا دینا	Punished			Punished
Quarrel		لڑائی کرنا	Quarreled			Quarreled
Read		پڑھنا	Read			Read
Run		دوڑنا	Ran			Run
Reach		پہنچنا	Reached			Reached
Return		واپس آنا	Returned			Returned
Reply		جواب دینا	Replied			Replied
Ring		گھنٹی بجانا	Rang			Rung
Rain		بارش ہونا	Rained			Rained
Receive		استقبال کرنا	Received			Received
Respect		عزت کرنا	Respected			Respected
Sing		گانا	Sang			Sung
Sleep		سونا	Slept			Slept
Speak		بولنا	Spoke			Spoken
See		دیکھنا	Saw			Seen
Start		شروع کرنا	Started			Started
Sell		بیچنا	Sold			Sold
Select		انتخاب کرنا	Selected			Selected
Stop		رکنا	Stopped			Stopped
Steal		چوری کرنا	Stole			Stolen
Stand		کھڑے ہونا	Stood			Stood
Solve		حل کرنا	Solved			Solved
Send		بھیجنا	Sent			Sent
Take		لینا	Took			Taken
Talk		باتیں کرنا	Talked			Talked
Tell		بتانا	Told			Told
Teach		پڑھانا	Taught			Taught
Throw		پھینکنا	Threw			Thrown
Travel		سفرکرنا	Travelled			Travelled
Use		استعمال کرنا	Used			Used
Visit		سیر کرنا	Visited			Visited
Write		لکھنا	Wrote			Written
Wear		پہننا	Wore			Worn
Walk		پیدل چلنا	Walked			Walked
Weep		رونا	Wept			Wept
Want		چاہنا	Wanted			Wanted
Wish		خواہش کرنا	Wished			Wished
Waste		ضائع کرنا	Wasted			Wasted
Wash		دھونا	Washed			Washed

Posted in: English Grammar