The Verb: Transitive & Intransitive: Auxiliaries & Modals: Infinitive, Participle & Gerund



The verb:  فعل
A verb describes the action of the subject in a sentence. or
A verb is a word used to tell something about a person or thing.
e.g.
فعل ایسا لفظ ہے جو کسی کام کا کرنا یا ہونا ظاہر کرے۔یا فعل ایک ایسا لفظ ہے جو کسی شخص یا چیز کے بارے میں کچھ بتائے۔جیسے
We play cricket.
Ali goes to school.
He is a doctor.  
ہم کرکٹ کھیلتے ہیں۔
علی سکول جاتا ہے
وہ ایک ڈاکٹر ہے۔
Transitive verb:متعددی فعل
A verb which shows an action which passes over from the subject to an object. e.g.
ایک فعل جو کسی ایسے عمل کو ظاہر کرتا ہے جو فاعل سے مفعول کی طرف جاتا ہے۔ جیسے
The ants fought the wasps.
The horse kicked the man.
Intransitive verb:لازم فعل
A verb that shows an action which does not pass over an object or expresses a state. as
ایک فعل جو کسی ایسے عمل کو ظاہر کرتا ہے جو مفعول کی طرف  نہیں جاتا ہے یا کسی حالت کا اظہار کرتا ہے۔ جیسے
He ran a long distance.
The baby sleeps.
There is a flaw in this diamond.
Auxiliaries Verbs:معاون فعل
The verbs which are used as main verb or  with other verbs to make tenses are called auxiliary verbs as;
Be (am, is, are, was, were), has, have, had, do, does, did.
وہ فعل  جوبطور مرکزی فعل کے طور پر استعمال ہوتے ہیں یا دوسرے فعل کے ساتھ استعمال کرکے  Tenses بناتے ہیں ان کو Auxiliaries Verbs کہتے ہیں۔
Be :
(i)     It is used to express the state of being. e.g. یہ ہونے کی حالت کو ظاہر کرتے ہیں             
He is a doctor. They are on the roof.
(ii) It is used in the formation of continuous tenses; as
یہ جاری Tenses بنانے کے لیے استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔He is working. I was writing.                 
Have :
(i)     It is used to express the state of having. e.g.   یہ ملکیت کی حالت کو ظاہر کرتے ہیں          
I have two books. He had a car.
(ii)   Have is used in the formation of perfect tenses; as
یہ جاری Tenses بنانے کے لیے استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔                He has completed his work.
(iii) It is used to express the compulsion. e.g. یہ مجبوری کو ظاہر کرتے ہیں                            
He has to move the furniture himself.
Do:
It is used to form the negative and interrogative of the simple present and past tenses; as
اس کا استعمال  Present Indefinite اور Past Indefinite  کے  منفی اور سوالیہ   جملوں کو بنانے  کے لئے کیا جاتا ہے۔
He doesn’t work.
Did he work?
Modal Verbs: 
They are used before ordinary verbs and express meanings such as permission, possibility, certainty and necessity.
Can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must and ought to.
یہ عام فعل سے پہلے استعمال ہوتے ہیں اور یہ اجازت ، امکان ، یقین اور ضرورت کے لیے استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔
Can/Could:
It is usually used to express ability, capacity, possibility as;
یہ عام طور پر قابلیت ، صلاحیت ، امکان کو ظاہر کرنے کے لئے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔جیسے
I can swim across the river.
Can you lift this box?
The police could arrest the robber.
Should:
It is used to give advice or suggestion. As;
یہ نصیحت یا مشورہ دینے کے لئے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
You should get a job.
You should clean your room.
May:
It is used to ask permission politely, to express possibility, pray, curse. As;
اس کا استعمال شائستگی سے اجازت مانگنے ، امکان ظاہر کرنے ، دعا ، بد دعا دینے کے لئے کیا جاتا ہے۔ جیسے؛
May I come in?
It may rain today.
May you live long!
May you go to hell!
 Might: It is used to show least possibility.      یہ کم سے کم امکان کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔


Possibility:  امکانات

It will rain today.  
It would rain today.
It may rain today.
It might rain today.
100% sure
70% sure
50% sure
Under 50% surety
Infinitive:مصدر  
The infinitive is the base of a verb, often preceded by to.
مصدرایک فعل کی بنیاد ہے ، اکثر اس سے پہلے To  آتا ہے۔
To err is human.
He refused to obey the orders.
Birds love to sing.
The Participle
Participle:  
A participle is a word which is partly a verb and partly an Adjective.
Participle ایک ایسا لفظ ہوتا ہے جو جزوی طور پر فعل ہوتا ہے اور جزوی طور پر ایک صفت۔
Present Participle:
It ends in – ing and represents an action as going on or incomplete. as;
اس کا اختتامing  پر  ہوتا ہے اور جو کام چل رہا ہو یا  نامکمل  ہوکی نمائندگی کرتا ہے ۔ جیسے
We are carrying a basket of flowers.
He is knocking at the door.
Past Participle:
It represents a complete action or state of the thing spoken of. As;
یہ مکمل کام  کو ظاہر کرتا ہےیا کسی چیز کی حالت کی نمائندگی کرتا ہےجس کی بات کی گئی ہو ۔ جیسے؛
Deceived by his friend, he lost all hops.
We saw a few trees laden with fruit.
The Gerund:
A Gerund is that form verb which ends in –ing and is used as a Noun. As;
Gerund فعل کی وہ شکل ہے جس کا اختتام –ing پر ہوتا ہے اور بطور اسم استعمال ہوتا ہے۔جیسے
Teach me swimming.
Boating in the river is a great fun.

Some Verbs and their Forms
1st Form
Meaning
2nd Form
3rd Form
Ask
پو چھنا
Asked
Asked
Answer
جواب دینا
Answered
Answered
Attack
حملہ کرنا
Attacked
Attacked
Assure
یقین دلانا
Assured
Assured
Abuse
گالی دینا
Abused
Abused
Arrive
پہنچنا
Arrived
Arrived
Awake
جا گنا
Awoke
Awoken
Bath
نہانا
Bathed
Bathed
Begin
شروع کرنا
Began
Begun
Bleed
خون کا بہنا
Bled
Bled
Bring
لانا
Brought
Brought
Burn
جلانا
Burnt
Burnt
Break
توڑنا
Broke
Broken
Boil
ابالنا
Boiled
Boiled
Borrow
ادھار لینا
Borrowed
Borrowed
Blow
ہوا کا چلنا
Blew
Blown
Cut
کا ٹنا
Cut
Cut
Cry
چلانا
Cried
Cried
Close
بند کرنا
Closed
Closed
Climb
چڑھنا
Climbed
Climbed
Copy
نقل کرنا
Copied
Copied
Cast
پھینکنا
Cast
Cast
Change
تبدیل کرنا
Changed
Changed
Cook
پکانا
Cooked
Cooked
Die
مرنا
Died
Died
Drink
پینا
Drank
Drunk
Dance
ناچنا
Danced
Danced
Decide
فیصلہ کرنا
Decided
Decided
Do
کرنا
Did
Done
Desire
خواہش کرنا
Desired
Desired
Drive
گاڑی چلانا
Drove
Driven
Dislike
نا پسند کرنا
Disliked
Disliked
Declare
اعلان کرنا
Declared
Declared
Eat
کھا نا
Ate
Eaten
Earn
کمانا
Earned
Earned
Educate
تعلیم دینا
Educated
Educated
Enter
داخل ہونا
Entered
Entered
Escape
بچ نکلنا
Escaped
Escaped
Excuse
معاف کرنا
Excused
Excused
Finish
ختم کرنا
Finished
Finished
Fly
اڑنا
Flew
Flown
Fight
لڑنا
Fought
Fought
Fill
بھرنا
Filled
Filled
Feed
کھا نا کھلانا
Fed
Fed
Found
بنیاد رکھنا
Founded
Founded
Go
جانا
Went
Gone
Graze
چرنا
Grazed
Grazed
Guide
رہنمائی کرنا
Guided
Guided
Give
دینا
Gave
Given
Grip
گرفت میں لینا
Griped
Griped
Guess
اندازہ لگانا
Guessed
Guessed
Hang
لٹکانا
Hanged
Hanged
Hope
امید کرنا
Hoped
Hoped
Hunt
شکار کرنا
Hunted
Hunted
Hide
چھپانا
Hide
Hidden
Hold
پکڑنا
Held
Held
Hate
نفرت کرنا
Hated
Hated
Heal
زخم بھرنا
Healed
Healed
Hire
کرائے پر لینا
Hired
Hired
Is, am, are
ہے،ہوں،میں
Was /were
Been
Invent
ایجاد کرنا
Invented
Invented
Inform
اطلاع دینا
Informed
Informed
Ignore
نظر انداز کرنا
Ignored
Ignored
Jump
چھلانگ لگانا
Jumped
Jumped
Keep
رکھنا
Kept
Kept
Know
جاننا
Knew
Known
Kick
ٹھوکر لگانا
Kicked
Kicked
Learn
سیکھنا
Learnt
Learnt
Love
محبت کرنا
Loved
Loved
Leave
چھو ڑنا
Left
Left
Live
رہنا
Lived
Lived
Lock
تالا لگانا
Locked
Locked
Make
بنانا
Made
Made
Meet
ملنا
Met
Met
Need
ضرورت ہونا
Needed
Needed
Offer
پیش کرنا
Offered
Offered
Open
کھولنا
Opened
Opened
Obey
حکم ماننا
Obeyed
Obeyed
Pull
کھینچنا
Pulled
Pulled
Play
کھیلنا
Played
Played
Peel
چھیننا
Peeled
Peeled
Punish
سزا دینا
Punished
Punished
Quarrel
لڑائی کرنا
Quarreled
Quarreled
Read
پڑھنا
Read
Read
Run
دوڑنا
Ran
Run
Reach
پہنچنا
Reached
Reached
Return
واپس آنا
Returned
Returned
Reply
جواب دینا
Replied
Replied
Ring
گھنٹی بجانا
Rang
Rung
Rain
بارش ہونا
Rained
Rained
Receive
استقبال کرنا
Received
Received
Respect
عزت کرنا
Respected
Respected
Sing
گانا
Sang
Sung
Sleep
سونا
Slept
Slept
Speak
بولنا
Spoke
Spoken
See
دیکھنا
Saw
Seen
Start
شروع کرنا
Started
Started
Sell
بیچنا
Sold
Sold
Select
انتخاب کرنا
Selected
Selected
Stop
رکنا
Stopped
Stopped
Steal
چوری کرنا
Stole
Stolen
Stand
کھڑے ہونا
Stood
Stood
Solve
حل کرنا
Solved
Solved
Send
بھیجنا
Sent
Sent
Take
لینا
Took
Taken
Talk
باتیں کرنا
Talked
Talked
Tell
بتانا
Told
Told
Teach
پڑھانا
Taught
Taught
Throw
پھینکنا
Threw
Thrown
Travel
سفرکرنا
Travelled
Travelled
Use
استعمال کرنا
Used
Used
Visit
سیر کرنا
Visited
Visited
Write
لکھنا
Wrote
Written
Wear
پہننا
Wore
Worn
Walk
پیدل چلنا
Walked
Walked
Weep
رونا
Wept
Wept
Want
چاہنا
Wanted
Wanted
Wish
خواہش کرنا
Wished
Wished
Waste
ضائع کرنا
Wasted
Wasted
Wash
دھونا
Washed
Washed


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